Represented Speech - Free Indirect Discourse https://narrativetheoryandnarratology.hcommons.org/2024/01/31/represented-speech-free-indirect-discourse/
miércoles, 31 de enero de 2024
lunes, 29 de enero de 2024
Freud y la interiorización
Freud y la interiorización: https://personal.unizar.es/garciala/publicaciones/freudylainteriorizacion.html
Johnny Cash, The Last Great American
Rodley, Chris, dir. and prod. Johnny Cash, the Last Great American. Prod. BBC Manchester. BBC, 2004. Online at YouTube (rocky storm) 17 May 2020.*
2024
domingo, 28 de enero de 2024
viernes, 26 de enero de 2024
According to Autocomplete
Aquí una
comparativa de la búsqueda autocompletiva de Google, entre el
Presidente del Gobierno y yo mismo. Según el usuario medio,
Mariano Rajoy es....
Y José Angel García Landa es...
Wisdom of the Crowds (?).
Samuel Beckett, pensador de lo trágico
Viramontes Cabrera, Sonia. "Samuel Beckett como un pensador de lo trágico." Chap. 36 of Nuevas epistemologías de viejos saberes. Ed. Antonio Javier Chica Núñez, Ana Cristina Tomás López and Daniel Navas Carrillo. (Nueva Academia, 17). Cizur Menor (Navarra): Thomson Reuters – Aranzadi, 2002. Online preview at Google Books:
https://books.google.es/books?id=K32nEAAAQBAJ
2024
La Prisonnière
Un passage de ce volume de À la recherche du temps perdu, où le narrateur parle des impressions tout différentes des jours où il avait rencontré Albertine comme une tout jeune fille à Balbec, et puis comme une fille libre et désirée par tous, comparées à celles de la jeune femme de Paris, de la prisonnière,"Albertine, qui vivait avec moi":
Les soir où cette derniére ne me lisait pas à haute voix, elle me faisait de la musique ou entamait avec moi des parties de dames ou des causeries que j'interrompais les unes et les autres pour l'embrasser. Nos rapports étaient d'une simplicité qui les rendait reposants. Le vide même de sa vie donnait à Albertine une espèce d'empressement et d'obéisance pur les seules choses que je réclamais d'elle. Derrière cette jeune fille, comme derrière la lumière pourprée qui tombait aux pieds de mes rideaux à Balbec pendant qu'éclatait le concert des musiciens, se nacraient les ondulations bleuaâtres de la mer. N'était-elle pas, en effet, (elle au fond de qui résodait de façon habituelle une idée de moi si familière qu'après sa tante j'étais peut-être la personne qu'elle distinguait le moins de soi-même) la jeune fille que j'avais vue la première fois, à Balbec, sous son polo plat, avec ses yeux insistants et rieurs, inconnnus encore, mince comme une silhouette profilée sur le flot? Ces effigies gardées intactes dans la mémoire, quand on les retrouve, on s'étonne de leur dissemblance d'avec l'être qu'on connaît; on comprend quel travail de modelage accomplit quotidiennement l'habitude. Dans le charme qu'avait albertine à Paris, au coin de mon feu, vivait encore le désir que m'avait inspiré le cortège insolent et fleuri qui se déroulait le long de la plage et, comme Rachel gardait pour Saint-Loup, même quand il la lui eut fait quitter pour Saint-Loup, même quand il la lui eut fait quitter, le prestige de la vie de théâtre, en cette Albertine cloîtrée dans ma maison, loin de Balbec, d'où je l'avais précipitamment emmenée, subsistaient l'émoi, le désarroi social, la vanité inquiète, les désirs errants de la vie de bains de mer. Elle était si bien encagée que, certains soirs même, je ne faisais pas demander qu'elle quittât sa chambre pour la mienne, elle que jadis tout le monde suivait, que j'avais tant de peine à rattraper, filant sur sa bicyclette, et que le liftier même ne pouvait pas me ramener, ne me laissant guère d'espoir qu'elle vînt, et que j'attendais pourtant toute la nuit. Albertine n'avait-elle pas été, devant l'hotêl, comme une grande actrice de la plage en feu, excitant les jalousies quand elle s'avançait dans ce théâtre de nature, ne parlant à personne, bousculant les habitués, dominant ses amies, et cette actrice si convoitée n`était-ce pas elle qui, retirée par moi de las scène, enfermée chez moi, était là, à l'abri des désirs de tous qui désormais pouvaient la chercher vainement, tantôt dans ma chambre, tantôt dans la sienne, où elle s'occupait à quelque travail de desin et de ciselure?
The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition
From the last chapter of Michael Tomasello's book The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition (1999):
We are, as Wittgenstein (1953) and Vygotsky (1978) saw so clearly, fish in the water of culture. As adults investigating and reflecting on human existence, we cannot take off our cultural glasses to view the world aculturally—and so compare it to the world as we perceive it culturally. Human beings live in a world of language, mathematics, money, government, education, science, and religion—cultural institutions composed of cultural conventions. The sound 'tree' stands for what it does because, and only because, we think it does; men and women are married because, and only because, we think they are; I can obtain a car in exchange for a piece of paper because, and only because, we think the paper is worth as much as the car (Searle, 1996). These kinds of social institutions and conventions are created and maintained by certain ways of interacting and thinking among groups of human beings. Other animal species simply do not interact and think in these ways.
But the human cultural world is not thereby free of the biological world, and indeed human culture is a very recent evolutionary product, having existed in all likelihood for only a few hundred thousand years. The fact that culture is a product of evolution does not mean that each one of its specific features has its own dedicated genetic underpinnings; there has not been enough time for that. A more plausible scenario is that all human cultural institutions rest on the biologically inherited social-cognitive ability of all human individuals to create and use social conventions and symbols. However, these social conventions and symbols do not wave a magic wand and turn nonhuman primate cognition into human cognition on the spot. Modern adult cognition of the human kind is the product not only of genetic events taking over many millions of years in evolutionary time but also of cultural events taking place over many tens of thousands of years in historical time and personal events taking place over many tens of thousands of hours in ontogenetic time. The desire to avoid the hard empirical work necessary to follow out these intermediate processes that occur between the human genotype and phenotype is a strong one, and it leaeds to the kinds of facile genetic determinism that pervade large parts of the social, behavioral, and cognitive sciences today. Genes are an essential part of the story of human cognitive evolution, perhaps even from some points of view the most important part of the story since they are what got the ball rolling. But they are not the whole story, and the ball has rolled a long way since it got started. In all, the tired old philosophical categories of nature versus nurture, innate versus learned, and even genes versus environment are jut not up to the task—they are too static and categorical—if our goal is a dynamic Darwinian account of human cognition in its evolutionary, historical, and ontogenetic dimensions.
—oOo—
jueves, 25 de enero de 2024
Carlyle, Maese Pedro
Del ensayo de Miguel de Unamuno "Maese Pedro" (Ensayos, I.353-55):
La Historia de la Revolución francesa, de Tomás Carlyle, me recuerda, en efecto, la titiritera de Maese Pedro, o, en general, un teatro Guiñol. Arma su tinglado, monta las figuras, se coloca él, Carlyle, dentro, y empieza a traerlas y llevarlas y hacerlas accionar, viéndosele no pocas veces las manos, y a hablar por ellas remedando voces. De cuando en cuando interrumpe la representación, y asomando la cabeza por detrás del tinglado, suelta a los espectadores un sermón en que hay mucho de "lúgubre", "sombrío", "preternatural", "limbo", "misterio fuliginoso". "Orco", "Tártaro", "Caos", "negruras sulfurosas de eternas tinieblas", "monstruo", "prodigio", "frenesí", "terror", "horror", "pavor", "rumor" y, sobre todo, "TIEMPO", escrito así, en letras mayúsculas todo él, y "Eternidad", o la "eterna noche". Y vuelve a meter la cabeza para continuar su cuento.
Cuando retira para siempre a alguno de sus muñecos no deja de decirnos que "se desvanece, volviendo a la nativa noche", o algo así por el estilo, y le dirige unas cuantas palabras de despedida, porque acostumbra hablar con sus títeres, y no sólo por ellos. Cuando cogen preso a míster de Cazotte, le dice: "¿Por qué, ¡oh Cazotte!, abandonaste el noveleo y el Diable amoureux por una realidad como ésta?" (Vol. II, lib. I, cap. II.)
A cada momento se dirige a sus muñecos para animarles, consolarles, reprenderles, o prevenirles, ejerciendo de profeta a posteriori. "¡Oh despierto Dumouriez Polimetis, el de la fecunda cabeza, que los dioses te sean propicios! (Vol. III, lib. I, capítulo III). A Maillard, el guión de las ménades, como le llama: "¡Esperaba uno, ¡oh Estanislao! encontrarte en otro sitio que no aquí, astuto ujier montado con tinte de ley! Tienes que llear a cabo esta obra, y luego desaparecer para siempre de nuestra vista." (Vol. III, lib. I, cap. IV). Cuando, al representar el asedio de Lille, saca al barbero aquel que al estallar una bomba cogió un casco de ella, metió en él jabón y espuma, y gritando: Voilà mon plat à barbe ("he aquí mi bacía"), afectó en el sitio a catorce personas, no puede menos que decirle: "Bravo, buen rapista, digno de afeitar al viejo y espectral Caparroja y de hallar tesoros!" (Vol. III, lib. I, cap. VII.) Después de haber puesto en escena la muerte de Marat a manos de Carlota Corday exclama: "¡Oh vosotros dos, desdichados, que os extinguisteis mutuamente, la hermosa y el escuálido, dormid en paz, en el seno de la madre que os parió a ambos!" (Vol. III, lib. IV, capítulo I). "A esta conclusión has venido, desgraciado Luis!", le dice a Luis XVI, o Capeto Veto, como gusta llamarle cuando queda votada su muerte.
Agréguese que juega Maese Pedro con los pronombres personales hasta tal punto, que no se sabe a punto fijo quiénes somos nosotros, quiénes vosotros y quiénes ellos. Pónese unas veces de parte de los unos, y fingiéndose de ellos, dice: "Vamos a hacer esto o lo otro, apresurémonos, tomemos tal o cual resolución", y al poco rato ya está de la otra parte, y los hasta aquí vosotros hanse convertido en nosotros. Veces hay en que se le ocurre fingirse uno de sus muñecos y decir por boca de éste lo que respecto a él se le ocurre, como cuando hace decir a Desmoulins: "Casi llego a conjeturar que yo, Camilo mismo, so y un conspirador y muñeco con hilos".
miércoles, 24 de enero de 2024
domingo, 21 de enero de 2024
Self-Regulation and Metacognition
On the dramatistic cognitive development of children through internalized interaction—from Micahel Tomasello's The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition ("Discourse and Representational Redescription - Metacognition and Representational Redescription, pp. 191-94)
Around the world children five to seven years of age are seen as entering a new phase of development. Virtually all societies in which there is formal schooling begin at this age, and quite often children are given new responsibilities (Cole and Cole, 1996). At least part of the reason for adults' newfound confidence in children's growing ability to internalize various kinds of rules that adults give them and to follow them even in the absence of the rule-making adult, that is, their growing ability to self-regulate. Another reason is that children of this age are able to talk about their own reasoning and problem-solving activities in a way that makes them much more easily educable in many problem-solving activities; that is to say, they are capable of certain kinds of especially useful metacognition.
Without going into a full review of a very large develpmental and educational literature, the following are some major domains of metacognitive activity in which children begin to engage at the end of the early childhood period:
- They begin to be able to learn and to follow specific rules that adults have taught them to help in solving an intellectual problem, and they do this in a relatively independent (self-regulated) manner (Brown and AKane, 1988, Zelazo, in press).
- They begin to be able to use social and moral rules in a self-regulating manner to inhibit their behavior, to guide their social interactionsand to plan for future activities (Palincsar and Brown 1984; Gauvain and Rogoff, 1989).
- They begin to actively monitor the social impression they are making on other people and so to engage in active impression-management activities reflecting their understanding of others' views of them (Harter, 1983).
- They begin to understand and use embedded mental-state language such as "She thinks that I think X" (Perner, 1988).
- They begin to show skills of meta-memory that enable them to formulate planful strategies in memory tasks that, for example, require them to use mnemonic aids (Schneider and Bjorkland, 1997).
- They begin to display literacy skills that depend to a large extend on meta-linguistic skills that allow them to talk about language and how it works (Snow and Ninio, 1986).
Although there is not as much direct evidence as one would like, there is some evidence that these kinds of self-regulatory and metacognitive skills are related to adults using reflective metadiscourse with children—with the children then internalizing this discourse for use in regulating their own behavior independently. The idea is that as the adult regulates the child's behavior in some cognitive task or behavior, the child attempts to comprehen that regulation from the adult's point of view (to simulate the adult's perspective). And then, in many cases, the child later reenacts tha adult's instructions overtly in regulating her own behavior in that same or a similar situation in various kinds of performance monitoring, metacognitive strategies, or self-regulating speech.
There are several kinds of evidence supporting this view. First, in a series of classic studies Luria (1961) found that two- and three-year-old children were not able to use speech to regulate their problem-solving activities, as demonstrated by their repreated disregard of their own self-directed speech (they were just mimicking adult speech). But from around their fourth or fifth birthdays the children in Luria's studies did demonstrate an ability to use their speech to actually regulate their own behavior by coordinating their self-regulating sppech with their task behavior in a dialogic manner. Second, several studeis have found evidence that children's self-regulating sppech does indeed derive from adults' regulating and instructional speech specifically. Ratner and Hill (1991), for example, found that children of this age are able to reproduce the instructor's role in a teaching situation weeks after the original pedagogy (see also Foley and Ratner, 1997). There is also evidence of a correlation between instructor and learner behavior that suggests this same conclusion. For example, Kontos (1983) fournd that children who were instructed in a problem by their mothers showed increases in the amount of self-regulating sppech in their subsequent individual problem solving (relative to children who were not instructed). And there is even some experimental evidence that manipulating the style of adult instruction may lead to changes in the amounts of self-regulating speech that children use in their subsequent individual attempts in the same problem situation (Goudena, 1987). Third, it is also interesting that it is during this same age range that informal observations reveal children first showing evidence of spontaneous efforts to teach or regulate the learning of other children, behaviors of relevance here because self-regulation is, in a sense, teaching oneself (see also Ashley and Tomasello, 1998).
Children thus show relatively clear evidence of internalizing adults' regulating speech, rules, and instructions as they are reaching the later stages of the early childhood period. What is internalized is, as Vygotsky emphasized, a dialogue. In the learning interaction the child comprehends the adult instruction (simulates the adult's regulating activity), but she does so in relation to her own understanding—which requires a coordinating of the two perspectives. The cognitive representation that results, therefore, is a representation not just of the instructions but of the intersubjective dialogue (Fernyhough, 1996). One hypothesis is that the adult regulations that are most likely to be appropriated by the child into an internal dialogue are those that come at difficult points in the task, that is, when the child and adult are not both focused on the same aspect of the task (just as happens with other types of imitation). This discrepancy becomes apparent to the child through her attempts to reinstate a common understanding takes the form of a dialogue—either acted out or internalized. At least some evidence for this hypothesis is provided by the finding that self-regulating speech is indeed used most often by children at difficult points in problem-solving tasks (Goodman, 1984). It should also be stressed that what children internalize in the case of instruction and regulation is perhaps best thought of as the "voice" of another person (Bakhtin, 1981; Wertsch, 1991)—the important point being that a voice is more than a bloodless point of view, but rather actually directs the child's cognition or behavior with more or less authority. Internalizing an instructional directive from an adult thus includes both a conceptual perspective and a moral injunction: "You should look at it in this way." Bruner (1993, 1996), in particular, has been insistent that to give a full accounting of human culture we must not overlook this "deontic" dimension of culture and cultural learning.
—oOo—
Springs and Motives under Various Disguises
Notice that according to Melville our illusion of free will holds while we are in the midst of the action, of the play as it were—but when we turn it into a narrative, or retrospect, the cogs and wheels of Fate, or Circumstance, become apparent. In hindsight.
Finally, I always go to sea as a sailor, because of
the pure exercise and pure air of the fore-castle deck. For as in this
world, head winds are far more prevalent than winds from astern (that
is, if you never violate the Pythagorean maxim), so for the most part
the Commodore on the quarter-deck gets his atmosphere at second hand
from the sailors on the forecastle. He thinks he breathes it first; but
not so. In much the same way do the commonalty lead their leaders in
many other things, at the same time that the leaders little suspect it.
But wherefore it was that after having repeatedly smelt the sea as a
merchant sailor, I should now take it into my head to go on a whaling
voyage; this the invisible police officer of the Fates, who has the
constant surveillance of me, and secretly dogs me, and influences me in
some unaccountable way—he can better answer than any one else. And,
doubtless, my going on this whaling voyage, formed part of the grand
programme of Providence that was drawn up a long time ago. It came in
as as sort of brief interlude and solo between more extensive
performances. I take it that this part of the bill must have run
something like this:
"GRAND CONTESTED ELECTION FOR THE PRESIDENCY OF THE UNITED STATES.
"WHALING VOYAGE BY ONE ISHMAEL.
"BLOODY BATTLE IN AFFGHANISTAN."
Though I cannot tell why it was exactly that those stage managers, the Fates, put me down for this shabby part of a whaling voyage, when others were set down for magnificent parts in high tragedies, and short and easy parts in genteel comedies, and jolly parts in farces—though I cannot tell why this was exactly; yet, now that I recall all the circumstances, I think I can see a little into the springs and motives which being cunningly presented to me under various disguises, induced me to set about performing the part I did, besides cajoling me into the delusion that it was a choice resulting from my own unbiased freewill and discriminating judgment.
sábado, 20 de enero de 2024
La complejidad del tiempo humano en G. H. Mead
La complejidad del tiempo humano en George Herbert Mead https://www.academia.edu/29707186/
viernes, 19 de enero de 2024
jueves, 18 de enero de 2024
Plot: A Bibliography
Plot: A bibliography
https://narrativetheoryandnarratology.hcommons.org/2024/01/18/plot-a-bibliography/
Argumento, intriga narrativa:
https://bibliojagl.blogspot.com/2024/01/argumento-intriga-narrativa.html
Caesar and Cleopatra
Bernard Shaw's Caesar and Cleopatra. Dir. Gabriel Pascal, based on the play by George Bernard Shaw. Scenario and dialogue by Bernard Shaw. Cast: Claude Rains, Vivian Leigh, Stewart Granger, Flora Robson, Francis L. Sullivan. Technicolor. Art dir. John Bryan. UK: Independent Producers / Gabriel Pascal / Eagle-Lion, 1945. YouTube (Charles Ewing Smith)
2014
—oOo—
martes, 16 de enero de 2024
lunes, 15 de enero de 2024
God on Trial
God on Trial. TV play. Dir. Andy de Emmony. Script by Frank Cottrell Boyce, based on Elie Wiesel's book The Trial of God. Cast: Antony Sher, Rupert Graves, Jack Shepherd. BBC Scotland / Hat Trick Productions / WGBH Boston TV. Prod. Mark Redhead. 2008. Online at YouTube.
2014
Online at Plex.*
https://watch.plex.tv/es/movie/god-on-trial
2023
El Dividuo: Antropología psicológica
Retropost, 2014: El Dividuo: Antropología psicológica https://vanityfea.blogspot.com/2014/01/el-dividuo-antropologia-psicologica.html
domingo, 14 de enero de 2024
Telling / Showing
Modos narrativos, Distancia y Dramatización (A Bibliography) https://bibliojagl.blogspot.com/2024/01/modos-narrativos-distancia-y.html
It's NOT I
Empezando en el minuto 2.50, el monólogo dramático de Beckett NOT I (1972). En su versión para televisión.
Harold Pinter as THE UNNAMABLE
sábado, 13 de enero de 2024
viernes, 12 de enero de 2024
El camarote de los Hermanos Marxistas
¿Pero quién hace estas maravillas? pic.twitter.com/A7okn6YDIr
— Marina Dior (@RealMarinaDior) January 12, 2024
Los marcos como espacios públicos
La realidad de por sí no tiene estructura—al menos no tiene estructura humana. ¿Quién la estructurará? Nosotros, con nuestras convenciones y expectativas acerca de ella. Sobre los hechos brutos se ha de edificar un sistema de hechos institucionales y culturales. Es lo que Erving Goffman denomina "marcos", frames, en su libro Frame theory (1974). La realidad es un complejo sistema de marcos entrecruzados, si llamamos marco a un conjunto de signos que se dejan interpretar como una unidad estructural. Una vez hemos establecido un marco, podemos contrastarlo con otros marcos—por ejemplo, podemos aislar una conferencia de otra conferencia, o una conferencia de la sesión de discusión—o podemos transformar ese marco de alguna manera, ponerlo en clave de… en clave de humor, por ejemplo, si en lugar de dar una conferencia parodiamos una conferencia. Podemos insertar ese marco dentro de otro, como este texto puede insertarse en una página web. Y así la realidad va tomando forma.
Cada marco es un pequeño espacio público—engastado en otros marcos, otros espacios públicos, que en última instancia se insertan en el gran espacio público que denominamos la realidad. No hay por tanto un solo "espacio público", sino muchos espacios más o menos públicos solapados, secuenciados o superpuestos, a veces con transiciones problemáticas entre unos y otros.
Van desde el espacio público subjetivado e interiorizado, plegado para constituir la identidad personal, al espacio de la calle donde podemos circular más o menos todos, o al espacio global de la web. Son estos marcos espacios accesibles o disponibles para unos sujetos sí y para otros no, y a los que se aplican reglas diversas y variables. Cada marco es una unidad con reglas propias, una unidad poética o drámatica podríamos decir, y en cada uno rigen reglas interaccionales que lo definen como tal marco y lo hacen utilizable para la comunicación social. Desde la palabra individual, pequeño marco, hasta la frase en que se engasta, o al discurso del rey.
Las reglas del juego, claro, no van siempre en manual de instrucciones, sino que están con frecuencia sujetas a cambio, a transformación súbita o a negociación. Parte del trabajo de interpretación de la realidad es no sólo reconocer en qué papel nos hemos metido, en qué marco estamos, sino quizá también salirnos del marco si no nos conviene, renegociar el papel, o el contrato social. La construcción de la realidad, su reconstrucción y su transformación van por tanto unidas. Y es necesaria para esto la negociación con los demás actores: saber si estamos buscando setas o relojes de oro, como decía el chiste de vascos (Van dos vascos por el bosque buscando setas, y uno se encuentra un reloj de oro. "Coño, Pachi, mira qué he encontrado, ¡un reloj de oro!" Y Pachi, "A ver a qué estamos, hostias. ¿Estamos a setas, o a relojes?"). Es decir, se requiere definir el tipo de interacción social en el que estamos participando.
Esta complicada dramaturgia social tiene consecuencias, como decíamos, para el sujeto. Lo sujeta, sí, y así lo constituye—pero lo sujeta a un sistema cambiante de roles, papeles e identidades en última instancia móviles y transitorias. O heredadas—a veces es la identidad del otro la que representamos, la de un role model, por ejemplo, con consecuencias para la nuestra.
De hecho, la propia identidad personal surge de la interiorización de este teatro social. Podríamos decir que no es otra cosa sino ese teatro de relaciones sociales, visto desde dentro, tal como es interiorizado por un sujeto que sólo mediante esa interiorización pasa a ser un sujeto humano propiamente dicho.
Para el interaccionalista simbólico (como George Herbert Mead) la propia posesión de una identidad personal significa que el actor actúa con referencia a ella—que el actor es capaz de verse a sí mismo en una situación y tener en cuenta este objeto simbólico (uno mismo en la situación) como un factor para guiar la actuación. Es una reflexividad o autoconciencia inherente al sujeto humano, que actúa por referencia a su propia identidad personal y a la identidad de los otros en los que se proyecta, y a los que interioriza como elementos de referencia, tomando el papel de los demás en una relación de circularidad hermenéutica con el suyo propio y con la situación. —Definida ésta, en gran medida, por los marcos cognitivos e interaccionales que sean aplicables en ella.
Los marcos como espacios públicos - en Ibercampus
Descripciones narrativas
Descripciones narrativas: https://bibliojagl.blogspot.com/2024/01/descripciones-narrativas.html
jueves, 11 de enero de 2024
miércoles, 10 de enero de 2024
What's the Market? —What's the World
According to Robert Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy:
What's
the market? A place, according to Anacharsis, wherein they cozen one
another, a trap; nay, what's the world itself? A vast chaos, a confusion
of manners, as fickle as the air, domicilium insanorum [a
madhouse], a turbulent troop full of impurities, a mart of walking
spirits, goblins, the theatre of hypocrisy, a shop of knavery, flattery,
a nursery of villainy, the scene of babbling, the school of giddiness,
the academy of vice; a warfare, ubi velis nolis pugnandum, aut vincas aut succumbas [where you have to fight whether you will or no, and either conquer or go under],
in which kill or be killed, wherein every man is for himself, his
private ends, and stands upon his own guard. No charity, love,
friendship, fear of God, alliance, affinity, consanguinity,
Christianity, can contain them, but if they be anyways offended, or that
string of commodity be touched, they fall foul. Old friends become
bitter enemies on a sudden for toys and small offences, and they that
erst were willing to do all mutual offices of love and kindness, now
revile and persecute one another to death, with more than Vatinian
hatred, and will not be reconciled. So long as they are behoveful, they
love, or may bestead each other, but when there is no more good to be
expected, as they do by an old dog, hang him up or cashier him: which
Cato counts a great indecorum, to use men like old shoes or broken
glasses, which are flung to the dunghill; he could not find in his heart
to sell an old ox, much less to turn away an old servant: but they,
instead of recompense, revile him, and when they have made him an
instrument of their villainy, as Bajazet the Second, Emperor of the
Turks, did by Acomethes Bassa, make him away, or instead of reward, hate
him to death, as Silius was served by Tiberius. In a word, every man
for his own ends. Our summum bonum is commmodity, and the goddess we adore Dea Moneta,
Queen Money, to whom we daily offer sacrifice, which steers our hearts,
hands, affections, all: that most powerful goddess, by whom we are
reared, depressed, elevated, esteeemed the sole commandress of our
actions, for which we pray, run, ride, go, come, labour, and contend as
fishes do for a crumb that falleth into the water.
("Democritus to the Reader", 64-65)
The Whole World Plays the Fool
Post Office TV Drama
Sub-postmaster quits after Post Office TV drama https://t.co/fuZpc7SFY1
— BBC News (UK) (@BBCNews) January 10, 2024
Masculinities in Virginia Woolf
Tesis donde se me nombra. Sobre dos películas basadas en obras de Virginia Woolf: Mrs Dalloway y Orlando.
Ortega Arévalo, Dolors. "Deterritorialising Patriarchal Binary Oppositions: Deleuze & Guattari, Virginia Woolf, Masculinities and Film Adaptations." Ph.D. diss. supervisor: Ana Moya Gutiérrez. U of Barcelona, 2012. (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa, 2013). Online at Academia.* (Mrs Dalloway, Orlando).
https://www.academia.edu/113130438/
2023
NO A LA ASQUEROSA MASCARILLA
NO A LA ASQUEROSA MASCARILLA https://vanityfea.blogspot.com/2024/01/no-la-asquerosa-mascarilla.html
Comienzos
Principios, comienzos, exposición (A Bibliography) https://bibliojagl.blogspot.com/2024/01/principios-comienzos-exposicion.html
Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead
Tom Stoppard's play, re-scripted and directed by himself.
Subtitled in Spanish, also here:
martes, 9 de enero de 2024
El Circo del Sol en Zaragoza
🎪🤸 El Circo del Sol (@Cirque) llega con todo a #Zaragoza: 23 camiones, 52 artistas, decenas de operarios... https://t.co/wlIvFUyYeQ 👇
— Heraldo de Aragón (@heraldoes) January 9, 2024
lunes, 8 de enero de 2024
The Structure of Irrelevance
Un retropost de 2014:
La dinámica de lo relevante y de lo irrelevante en la realidad
social—en Facebook se percibe agudamente, por ser espacio público
comprimido, pero se aplica a todo espacio público o todo mundo social.
Esto viene de Berger y Luckmann, The Social Construction of Reality:
Although the total stock of
knowledge represents the everyday world in an integrated manner,
differentiated according to zones of familiarity and remoteness, it
leaves the totality of that world opaque. Put differently, the reality
of everyday life always appears as a zone of lucidity behind which
there is a background of darkness. As some zones of reality are
illuminated, others are adumbrated. I cannot know everything there is
to know about this reality. Even if, for instance, I am a seemingly
all-powerful despot in my family, and
know this, I cannot know all the factors that go into the continuing
success of my despotism. I know that my orders are always obeyed, but I
cannot be sure of all the steps and all the motives that lie between
the issuance and the execution of my orders. There are always things
that go on 'behind my back'. This is true a fortiori
when social relationships more complex than those of the family are
involved—and explains, incidentally, why despots are endemically
nervous. My knowledge of everyday life has the quality of an instrument
that cuts a path through a forest and, as it does so, projects a narrow
cone of light on what lies just ahead and immediately around; on all
sides of the path there continues to be darkness. This image pertains
even more, of course, to the multiple realities in which everyday life
is continually transcended. This latter statement can be paraphrased,
poetically if not exhaustively, by saying that the reality of everyday
life is overcast by the penumbras of our dreams.
My knowledge of everyday life is
structured in terms of relevances. Some of these are determined by
immediate pragmatic interests of mine, others by my general situation in
society. It is irrelevant to me how my wife goes about cooking my
favourite goulash as long as it turns out the way I like it. It is
irrelevant to me that the stock of a company is falling, if I do not
own such stock; or that Catholics are modernizing their doctrine, if I
am an atheist; or that it is now possible to fly non-stop to Africa, if
I do not want to go there. However, my relevance structures intersect
with the relevance structures of others at many points, as a result of
which we have 'interesting' things to say to each other. An important
element of my knowledge of everyday life is the knowledge of the
relevance structures of others. Thus 'I know better' than to tell my
doctor about my investment problems, my lawyer about my ulcer pains, or
my accountant about my quest for religious truth. The basic relevance
structures referring to everyday life are presented to me ready-made by
the social stock of knowledge itself. I know that 'woman talk' is
irrelevant to me as a man, that 'idle speculation' is irrelevant to me
as a man of action, and so forth. Finally, the social stock of
knowledge as a whole has its own relevance structure. Thus, in terms of
the stock of knowledge objectivated in American society, it is
irrelevant to study the movemements of the stars to predict the stock
market, but it is relevant to study an individual's slips of the
tongue to find out about his sex life, and so on. Conversely, in other
societies, astrology may be highly relevant for economics, speech
analysis quite irrelevant for erotic curiosity, and so on.
One final point should be made
here about the social distribution of knowledge. I encounter knowledge
in everyday life as socially distributed, that is, as possessed
differently by different individuals and types of individuals. I do not
share my knowledge equally with all my fellowmen, and there may be some
knowledge that I share with no one. I share my professional expertise
with colleagues, but not with my family, and I may share with nobody my
knowledge of how to cheat at cards. The social distribution of
knowledge of certain elements of everyday reality can become highly
complex and even confusing to the outsider. I not only do not possess
the knowledge supposedly required to cure me of a physical ailment, I
may even lack the knowledge of which one of a bewildering variety of
medical specialists claims jurisdiction over what ails me. In such
cases, I require not only the advice of experts, but the prior advice
of experts on experts. The social distribution of knowledge thus
begins with the simple fact that I do not know everything known to my
fellowmen, and vice versa, and culminates in exceedingly complex and
esoteric systems of expertise. Knowledge of how
the socially available stock of knowledge is distributed, at least in
outline, is an important element of that same stock of knowledge. In
everyday life I know, at least roughly, what I can hide from whom, whom
I can turn to for information on what I do not know, and generally
which types of individuals may be expected to have which types of
knowledge.
______
PS, 2024: Hay
que señalar que especialmente desde el memorable año 2020, por sentar
una fecha representativa, el supuesto "conocimiento experto" está patas
arriba y ha demostrado que los supuestos consensos y presuposiciones
están allí para ser manipulados y reutilizados por quienes son más
expertos que los expertos.... en manipular expertos, y a través de ellos
a todo el cuerpo social.
Ideología de van Dijk
Ideología de van Dijk:
https://personal.unizar.es/garciala/publicaciones/ideologiadevandijk.pdf
domingo, 7 de enero de 2024
Dividuo
Retropost, 2014:
Sobre el título:
individuum, -ui lat. àtomo.
En la era atómica, el individuo ya no es lo que era—aunque siga habiéndolos.
________
________
Algunas obras mencionadas:
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Retropost, 2014: Leyendo estos días tanto los Ensayos de Montaigne como La Construcción Social de la Realidad, de Berger y Luckmann, he o...