Veblen y la teatralidad: https://doi.org/10.17613/kchts-xj206
domingo, 28 de junio de 2026
jueves, 5 de marzo de 2026
Goffman in America
Me citan en este artículo francés sobre Goffman:
Heinich, Nathalie. (CNRS – CRAL-EHESS, heinich@ehess.fr) "La réception américaine de Frame Analysis d’Erving Goffman." Revue française de sociologie 60.2 (2019): 225-37.
DOI: 10.3917/rfs.602.0225
https://hal.science/hal-03221667
Online at Academia
https://www.academia.edu/112385408/
2023
Y lo citado es este artículo sobre la (in)definición de la realidad:
_____. "The (In)Definition of Reality: Reframing and Contested Topsight." SSRN 13 April 2016.*
http://ssrn.com/abstract=2763243
2016
jueves, 17 de octubre de 2024
Individuo y espacio público
Retropost, 2014: Individuo y espacio público https://vanityfea.blogspot.com/2014/10/individuo-y-espacio-publico.html
sábado, 5 de octubre de 2024
How To Make Artificial Persons
How to Make Artificial Persons: Hobbes's Dramatistic Theory of Interaction and Social Representation: https://www.academia.edu/68132891/
domingo, 28 de julio de 2024
Interaction as Reality-Maintenance
Some notions on representation, interaction, discourse, and reality, from Berger & Luckmann's The Social Construction of Reality.
The social reality we inhabit must be constantly constructed and
reconstructed and reproduced through socialization. Berger &
Luckmann differentiate the primary socialization acquired in childhood,
which gives the individual a social identity, and secondary
socialization, e.g. education, professional training, etc., which gives
the individual a number of roles in society, a profession or provisional
identity which may be more or less fluid or permanent according to
circumstances and social complexity.
The social reality is a system of institutions, externally speaking, but
they must be interiorized by the individual to become a subjective
reality—through a number of techniques. "The more these techniques make
subjectively plausible a continuity between the original and the new
elements of knoweldge, the more readily they acquire the accent of
reality" (163); just as we build a second language knowledge on our
mother tongue, we build secondary socializations on our primary
socialization. In complex societies there is a socializing personnel
(e.g. teachers) who may become significant others to the
subject—especially if the secondary socialization requires intensity and
dedication, a commitment of the self-identity so to speak. Socializing
tasks vary much from one society to another, just as the distribution of
knowledge.
Maintenance and Transformation of Subjective Reality.
"Since socialization is never complete and the contents it internalizes
face continuing threats to their subjective reality, every viable
society must develop procedures of reality-maintenance to safeguard a
measure of symmetry between objective and subjective reality" (167)
"Primary socialization internalizes a reality apprehended as inevitable.
This internalization may be deemed successful if the sense of
inevitability is present most of the time, at least while the individual
is active in the world of everyday life". There are the sinister
psychological metamorphoses of reality threatening it, usually
marginally; mental distortions of reality
which must be kept under control in the individual's subjectivity.
"There are also the more directly threatening competing definitions of
reality that may be encountered socially" (167)—people living with other
cultural assumptions, in another reality so to speak.
If a secondary socialization is to be strongly internalized, the
socialization procedures (discipline, control, etc.) will have to be
intensified and reinforced accordingly. (E.g. the military, the
clergy...);
"the reality of everyday life maintains itself by being embodied in
routines, which is the essence of institutionalization. Beyond this,
howerver, the reality of everyday life is ongoingly reaffirmed in the
individual's interaction with others. Just as reality is originally
internalized by a social process, so it is maintained in consciousness
by social processes. These latter processes are not drastically
different from those of the earlier internalization. They also reflect
the basic fact that subjective reality must stand in a relationship with
an objective reality that is socially defined" (169).
So, reality (the human reality of individuals, projects, actions,
institutions, customs, etc.) is made and remade through interaction—this
much Berger & Luckmann share with other propounders of symbolic interactionism. Reality is made (to put it otherwise) of a collectively sustained set of self-fulfilling expectations.
Due to their interactionalist account of socialization, Berger and
Luckmann are ideally placed as major theorizers of what I used to call the relational self—the
notion that the self is not a substance with a stable core but rather a
dynamic system of social relationships—a structure defined by its
position in a social network. We do not have social relationships; we are our
social relationships, so to speak (if this does not account for the
whole of the reality of the self it does place a useful focus on a side
of the self that is usually neglected or ignored). Each of the people we
meet has a corresponding relational reality, and brings to ours a
partially alien world which partly defines ours. We inhabit, or
construct, a differen reality (partly different, provisional,
interactional) with each of the people we interact with. Especially with
the most significant persons.
Significant people define your reality with you, and you define theirs.
Which is why many communities don't find it advisable for their members
to have significant relationships (marriage, love, friendship) with
members of other communities holding different beliefs—inhabiting
another reality, so to speak. A foreigner's look threatens the very core
of reality, it is an intrusion from another dimension. "There is no
salvation outside the Church" —a doctrinal point which is given a more
general, and rather ironic, reading, by Berger and Luckmann.
Individuals may inhabit a fairly consistent reality, or experience
tensions between different realities which assert their claims. "The
individual then faces a problem of consistency, which he can, typically,
solve either by modifying his reality or his reality-maintaining
relationships" (170). E.g. accepting that one is a failure, or turning
to other people that give back a more satisfying image of oneself and
our activities. Human realities only partially overlap, and that there
is often a conflict of realities among diverse social groups; see e.g.
my paper on the battle for reality between the Gnostics and the early
Christians, as portrayed in The Gospel of Judas ("La Visión del Templo: Espiritualidad antieclesiástica en el Evangelio de Judas y la Batalla por la Realidad").
There is a whole job of reality-management and reality-maintenance,
especially in a globalized world in which different communities and
different realities run into chaotic and absurd juxtapositions with each
other:
"Reality-maintenance and reality-confirmation thus involve the totality
of the individual's social situation, though the significant others
occupy a privileged position in these processes" (Berger and Luckmann
171).
A continual interaction with significant others is thus the major
vehicle for reality-management and reality maintenance. Conversation is
singled out by Berger and Luckmann as the major mode of interaction
(though love-making or sports can arguably be just as effective in many
cases):
"The most important vehicle of reality-maintenance is conversation. One
may view the individual's everyday life in terms of the working away of a
conversational apparatus that ongoingly maintains, modifies, and
reconstructs his subjective reality" (172)—conversation surrounded by
non-verbal communication, and taking place "against the background of a
world that is silently taken for granted" (172). One could thus modify
Berger and Luckmann's account by saying that it is shared expectations or presuppositions
(on which conversation rests, and which conversation helps to manage or
modify) that constitute the most important tool of reality maintenance.
Reality sustained by mental communication, then, of which actions and
words only minimally modify the surface. Casual conversation is then a
crucial sign that the world stands in its place and is what it is; "its
massivity is achieved by the accumulation and consistency of casual
conversation—conversation that can afford to be casual precisely
because it refers to the routines of a taken-for-granted world. The loss
of casualness signals a break in the routines and, at least
potentially, a threat to the taken-for-granted reality" (172). What is
voiced out is singled out for attention; "conversation gives firm
contours to items previously apprehended in a fleeing and unclear
manner. One may have doubts about one's religion; these doubts become
real in a quite different way as one discusses them." (173).
Conversations must be managed—Berger & Luckmann mention
conversations through correspondence when physical conversations are not
possible. "On the whole, frequency of conversation enhances its
reality-generating potency, but lack of frequency can sometimes be
compensated for by the intensity of the conversation when it does take
place. One may see one's lover only once a month, but the conversation
then engaged in is of sufficient intensity to meke up for its relative
infrequency" (174).
One might as well note, too, the importance of reading as world-making conversation,
reading (literature, philosophy, science, etc.), interacting with the
dead, or with communities and worlds far away in time or space,
sometimes to find a loophole to gaze out of the reality defined and
circumscribed by our everyday life and by the conversation of our
significant others, or, again, turning people living long ago and far
away into our significant others. One might also expand on the prominent
role of telephones and communication technologies in the present, as
reality-management and reality-producing media.
Thus individuals manage their identities and realities, even when they
are cut off from daily conversation with their reality-sustaining
community. Rituals may be engaged in to keep this contact and prop up
this reality. The "plausibility structures" as they are termed by Berger
& Luckmann may become threatened and it is then that
reality-sustaining strategies become more active and visible:
"In crisis situations the procedures are essentially the same as in
routine maintenance, except that reality-confirmations have to be
explicit and intensive. Frequently, ritual techniques are brought into
play." (175). Taboos, exclusions, scapegoats, curses and exorcisms, etc.
are used to sustain the official reality. "The violence of these
defensive procedures will be proportional to the seriouness with which
the threat is viewed" (176).
An extreme case noted by Berger and Luckmann is "world-switching" or
conversion—when an individual leaves behind an old identity and its
associated reality, and is "born again" into a new identity, often with
the guide of significant others in the new sphere. "These significant
others are the guides into the new reality. They represent the
plausibility structure in the roles they play vis-à-vis the
individual (roles that are typically defined explicitly in terms of
their re-socializing function), and they mediate the new world to the
individual (177). Religious conversion (Saul into Paul) is the model
instance of such reality-switching. "The plausibility structures of
religious conversion have been imitated by secular agencies of
alternation. The best examples are in the areas of political
indoctrination and psychotherapy" (178). Correspondingly, the
reality-switching individual cuts off the ties and conversation with the
old social sphere and previous significant others; "The alternating
individual disaffiliates himself from his previous world and the
plausibility structure that sustained it, bodily if possible, mentally
if not" (178)—"Once the new reality has congealed, circumspect relations
with outsiders may again be entered into, although those outsiders who
used to be biographically significant are still dangerous. They are the
ones who will say, 'Come off it, Saul', and there may be times when the
old reality they invoke takes the form of temptation.
"And in conversation with the new significant others subjective reality
is transformed. It is maintained by continuing conversation with them,
or within the community they represent. Put simply, this means that one
must now be very careful with whom one talks. People and ideas
discrepant with the new definitions of reality are systematically
avoided" (177-78).
One must be careful with what one reads, too, and with the films and TV
programmes one watches. Representations of reality make and remake
reality, and they sustain it all day long.
This analysis should be supplemented with a study of mechanisms of
avoidance and coexistence—that is, communicative conventions and
protocols which allow people to carry out interaction in some areas
(e.g. work) with people sustaining other worlds or inhabiting other
partial realities, without thereby challenging the hidden, private,
different, eccentric or sacred aspects of their own reality. Thus it is
advisable to avoid subjects such as politics, religion, etc. in casual
conversation, especially if members of a minority creed are present. The
weather is thus the safest interactional topic and the prime sustainer
of the everyday reality we all share. Sports or celebrity TV are an area
where conventional difference is encouraged, a symbol of those other
differences which might threaten the plausibility of the world if they
came into overt conflict. It is through heated differences on sporting
matters that this issue is both recognized, hidden, and exorcized.
Conversation on the weather and on sports and celebrities, which in
their own ways are irrelevant topics, thus helps to sustain our sense of
a coherent and shared social world.
____
Interaction as Reality-Maintenance en Ibercampus.
—oOo—
miércoles, 22 de mayo de 2024
La construcción afectiva de la realidad social
La construcción afectiva de la realidad social: https://www.academia.edu/32391218/
jueves, 16 de mayo de 2024
Explicación de la moda, y de la moda femenina
La Teoría de la Clase Ociosa de Thorstein Veblen es una semiótica social avant la lettre, y una teoría materialista de la distinción social y del valor simbólico avant Bourdieu. Para Veblen, la moda y sus cambios se explican con la teoría del derroche ostentoso. En la sociedad nada tiene un sentido literal, sino que es un símbolo de la posición social del sujeto.
Es decir, la moda nada tiene que ver con lo bonito o lo práctico (eso son consideraciones secundarias, o a veces efectos colaterales), sino que su finalidad es dar una imagen social adecuada del portador. "Así, no es en modo alguno infrecuente que, en un clima inclemente, la gente no vaya suficientemente abrigada con el fin de aparecer bien vestida." —Y al contrario también, ni digamos los abrigos y ropajes adicionales innecesarios o molestos que se llevan por bien quedar.
Pero la ostentación no funciona de
manera simplona y directa, sino que está mediada por las leyes estéticas
y las normas de decoro social que resultan de ella. Resulta de ello que la moda es el
efecto de un juego de signos, es un fenómeno intertextual podríamos
decir (Veblen tiene su lado semiótico). Esta mediación compleja también
nos lleva a separar los aspectos conscientes del comportamiento, por una parte, de sus
determinantes inconscientes por otra:
Pero el vestido ha de obedecer también a la ley de la ostentación de la inutilidad,
y demostrar que su portador trabaja poco o nada: "Si, además de mostrar
que el usuario puede permitirse consumir a placer y antieconómicamente,
puede también mostrarse con ello que dicho usuario o usuaria no tiene
la necesidad de ganarse la vida, la prueba de su valor social se eleva
en grado muy considerable."—Y de allí se derivan las normas del gusto y
la elegancia; "El vestido tiene que ser, no sólo ostensiblemente caro e
inconveniente; tiene que ser también de última moda."
Veblen encuentra
aquí una explicación del fenómeno de la moda, de sus cambios, y de sus
tendencias con frecuencia absurdas, pues "En la práctica, la norma del
derroche ostensible es incompatible con la exigencia de que el vestido
sea bello o que siente bien. Y este antagonismo ofrece una explicación
de ese cambio incesante de la moda, que ni el canon de lo costoso ni el
de la belleza pueden explicar por sí solos".
El proceso requerido para desarrollar una náusea estética lleva más o menos tiempo; en cada caso, el lapso de tiempo requerido es inversamente proporcional al grado en que el estilo en cuestión resulta odioso. Esa relación de tiempo entre lo odioso de una moda y su inestabilidad nos ofrece un fundamento para la inferencia de que cuanto más rápidamente se suceden los estilos y son desplazados por otros, tanto más ofensivos son para un gusto bien fundado. Lo que se presume, por tanto, es que cuanto más lejos llega la comunidad—y en especial las clases más ricas de la misma—en lo referente a capital y movilidad y al ámbito de su contacto humano, con tanta más fuerza se erigirá la ley del derroche ostensible en materia de vestido, y tanto más tenderá el sentido de la belleza a quedar en suspenso o a ser superado por el canon de la reputación pecuniaria, tanto más rápidamente se mudarán y cambiarán las modas, y tanto más grotescos e intolerables resultarán los diversos estilos que sucesivamente lleguen a estar en boga.
Queda por comentar al menos un punto en esta teoría del vestido. La mayor parte de lo que se ha dicho se refiere al atuendo del varón así como al de la mujer, si bien en tiempos recientes se aplica con más fuerza al de la mujer, en todos los detalles. Pero hay un punto en el que el vestido de las mujeres difiere sustancialmente del de los hombres. Es obvio que en el vestido de una mujer hay una mayor insistencia en esas características que atestiguan que la persona que lo lleva está exenta o es incapaz de realizar cualquier trabajo vulgarmente productivo. Esta peculiaridad del atuendo femenino es de interés, no sólo como complemento a la teoría del vestido, sino también como confirmación de lo que ya se ha dicho acerca del status económico de las mujeres tanto en el pasado como en el presente."
domingo, 5 de mayo de 2024
Perros y gatos en la clase ociosa
Retropost, 2014:
El perro tiene ventajas tanto por su falta de utilidad como por ciertos rasgos especiales de su temperamento. En un sentido eminente, se dice de él que es el amigo del hombre, y se alaban su inteligencia y su lealtad. Lo que esto significa es que el perro es el siervo del hombre y que posee el don de la ciega obediencia y la prontitud del esclavo a la hora de averiguar cuáles son los deseos del amo. Junto con estas características que le capacitan bien para la relación de status—características que, para lo que aquí nos ocupa, vamos a calificar de útiles—el perro tiene algunas otras de valor estético más equívoco. El perro es, en lo que se refiere a su persona, el más sucio de los animales domésticos y el de hábitos más molestos. Esto lo compensa con una actitud servil y aduladora hacia su amo y una gran inclinación a dañar y fastidiar a todos los demás. Así pues, el perro se recomienda a nuestro favor porque nos permite ejercer nuestra inclinación al mando, y como es también un artículo costoso y no sirve por lo común ningún propósito de tipo industrial, ocupa en el concepto del hombre un lugar firme en cuanto objeto de prestigio. Al mismo tiempo, el perro se asocia en nuestra imaginación con la caza—ocupación meritoria y expresión del impulso depredador honorable.
Afincado en este terreno ventajoso, cualquier belleza de forma y movimiento y cualquiera de los rasgos mentales encomiables que pueda poseer son convencionalmente reconocidos y magnificados. Y hasta aquellas variedades de perro que por una serie de cruces han llegado a adquirir una deformación grotesca, se consideran bellas, y de buena fe, por muchos entusiastas de los perros. Estas variedades de perro—y lo mismo puede decirse de otros animales de fantasía—son clasificadas y jerarquizadas en lo concerniente a su valor estético en proporción a lo grotescas que puedan ser y al grado de inestabilidad que su deformidad particular pueda asumir en cada caso. Para el propósito que ahora nos ocupa, esa utilidad diferencial basada en lo grotesco e inestable de la estructura es reducible a términos de una mayor escasez y del gasto consiguiente. El valor comercial de las monstruosidades caninas, tales como los estilos dominantes de perros favoritos tanto para uso de caballeros como para el de damas, se basa en su alto costo de producción; y el valor que ofrecen para sus propietarios consiste, sobre todo, en su utilidad como artículos de consumo ostensible. Indirectamente, como reflejo de su costo honorable, se les imputa un valor social; y así, mediante una fácil sustitución de palabras e ideas, llegan a ser admirados y estimados como bellos. Y como cualquier cuidado que pueda prestarse a estos animales no es ni ganancioso ni útil, también es por ello mismo prestigioso; y como el hábito de cuidarlos no es, consecuentemente, censurable, puede llegar a convertirse en un afecto habitual de gran tenacidad y del más benévolo carácter. De manera que en el afecto concedido a los animales favoritos se encuentra presente, de forma más o menos remota, el canon de lo costoso como norma que guía el sentimiento y la selección del objeto. Lo mismo puede decirse, como se echará de ver en seguida, respecto al afecto por las personas, si bien la forma con que la norma actúa en este caso es algo diferente.
—oOo—
sábado, 4 de mayo de 2024
viernes, 26 de abril de 2024
El principio del derroche ostentoso
Un importante principio de organización social y del comportamiento humano, según la Teoría de la Clase Ociosa de Veblen, es el de la ostentación de la inutilidad,
o el principio del derroche ostentoso. Para pertenecer a la clase
ociosa, o simular que pertenecemos a ella, hay que lucir capacidad de
gasto inútil, y demostrar que no trabajamos en nada productivo:
Bajo la selectiva vigilancia de la ley del derroche ostentoso, va creciendo un código de normas acreditadas de consumo, cuyo efecto es obligar al consumidor a mantener una norma de gasto y de despilfarro en su consumo de bienes y en su empleo de tiempo y esfuerzo. Este crecimiento del uso prescriptivo tiene un efecto inmediato en la vida económica, pero también tiene un efecto indirecto y más remoto en otras facetas de la conducta. Hábitos de pensamiento con respecto a la expresión de la vida en una dirección dada, afectan inevitablemente la visión habitual de lo que también es bueno y justo en otras direcciones. En el complejo orgánico de hábitos de pensamiento que constituyen la sustancia de la vida consciente de un individuo, el interés económico no permanece aislado e independiente de todos los demás intereses. Algo se ha dicho ya, por ejemplo, de su relación con las normas que regulan la buena reputación.
El principio del derroche ostentoso guía la formación de hábitos de pensamiento en lo tocante a lo que es honesto y prestigioso en la vida y en las propiedades. Al hacerlo así, este principio negará otras normas de conducta que primariamente nada tienen que ver con el código del honor pecuniario, pero que poseen, bien directa, bien incidentalmente, un significado económico de cierta magnitud. Así, el canon del derroche ostensible puede, inmediata o remotamente, influir en el sentido del deber, en el sentido de la belleza, en el sentido de la utilidad, en el sentido de la corrección devocional o ritual, y en el sentido científico de la verdad.
martes, 9 de enero de 2024
The Structure of Irrelevance
Un retropost de 2014:
La dinámica de lo relevante y de lo irrelevante en la realidad
social—en Facebook se percibe agudamente, por ser espacio público
comprimido, pero se aplica a todo espacio público o todo mundo social.
Esto viene de Berger y Luckmann, The Social Construction of Reality:
Although the total stock of
knowledge represents the everyday world in an integrated manner,
differentiated according to zones of familiarity and remoteness, it
leaves the totality of that world opaque. Put differently, the reality
of everyday life always appears as a zone of lucidity behind which
there is a background of darkness. As some zones of reality are
illuminated, others are adumbrated. I cannot know everything there is
to know about this reality. Even if, for instance, I am a seemingly
all-powerful despot in my family, and
know this, I cannot know all the factors that go into the continuing
success of my despotism. I know that my orders are always obeyed, but I
cannot be sure of all the steps and all the motives that lie between
the issuance and the execution of my orders. There are always things
that go on 'behind my back'. This is true a fortiori
when social relationships more complex than those of the family are
involved—and explains, incidentally, why despots are endemically
nervous. My knowledge of everyday life has the quality of an instrument
that cuts a path through a forest and, as it does so, projects a narrow
cone of light on what lies just ahead and immediately around; on all
sides of the path there continues to be darkness. This image pertains
even more, of course, to the multiple realities in which everyday life
is continually transcended. This latter statement can be paraphrased,
poetically if not exhaustively, by saying that the reality of everyday
life is overcast by the penumbras of our dreams.
My knowledge of everyday life is
structured in terms of relevances. Some of these are determined by
immediate pragmatic interests of mine, others by my general situation in
society. It is irrelevant to me how my wife goes about cooking my
favourite goulash as long as it turns out the way I like it. It is
irrelevant to me that the stock of a company is falling, if I do not
own such stock; or that Catholics are modernizing their doctrine, if I
am an atheist; or that it is now possible to fly non-stop to Africa, if
I do not want to go there. However, my relevance structures intersect
with the relevance structures of others at many points, as a result of
which we have 'interesting' things to say to each other. An important
element of my knowledge of everyday life is the knowledge of the
relevance structures of others. Thus 'I know better' than to tell my
doctor about my investment problems, my lawyer about my ulcer pains, or
my accountant about my quest for religious truth. The basic relevance
structures referring to everyday life are presented to me ready-made by
the social stock of knowledge itself. I know that 'woman talk' is
irrelevant to me as a man, that 'idle speculation' is irrelevant to me
as a man of action, and so forth. Finally, the social stock of
knowledge as a whole has its own relevance structure. Thus, in terms of
the stock of knowledge objectivated in American society, it is
irrelevant to study the movemements of the stars to predict the stock
market, but it is relevant to study an individual's slips of the
tongue to find out about his sex life, and so on. Conversely, in other
societies, astrology may be highly relevant for economics, speech
analysis quite irrelevant for erotic curiosity, and so on.
One final point should be made
here about the social distribution of knowledge. I encounter knowledge
in everyday life as socially distributed, that is, as possessed
differently by different individuals and types of individuals. I do not
share my knowledge equally with all my fellowmen, and there may be some
knowledge that I share with no one. I share my professional expertise
with colleagues, but not with my family, and I may share with nobody my
knowledge of how to cheat at cards. The social distribution of
knowledge of certain elements of everyday reality can become highly
complex and even confusing to the outsider. I not only do not possess
the knowledge supposedly required to cure me of a physical ailment, I
may even lack the knowledge of which one of a bewildering variety of
medical specialists claims jurisdiction over what ails me. In such
cases, I require not only the advice of experts, but the prior advice
of experts on experts. The social distribution of knowledge thus
begins with the simple fact that I do not know everything known to my
fellowmen, and vice versa, and culminates in exceedingly complex and
esoteric systems of expertise. Knowledge of how
the socially available stock of knowledge is distributed, at least in
outline, is an important element of that same stock of knowledge. In
everyday life I know, at least roughly, what I can hide from whom, whom
I can turn to for information on what I do not know, and generally
which types of individuals may be expected to have which types of
knowledge.
______
PS, 2024: Hay
que señalar que especialmente desde el memorable año 2020, por sentar
una fecha representativa, el supuesto "conocimiento experto" está patas
arriba y ha demostrado que los supuestos consensos y presuposiciones
están allí para ser manipulados y reutilizados por quienes son más
expertos que los expertos.... en manipular expertos, y a través de ellos
a todo el cuerpo social.
miércoles, 25 de octubre de 2023
On Narrative and Ritual
martes, 24 de octubre de 2023
lunes, 14 de agosto de 2023
El animal grupal y su identidad
Dos interesantes entrevistas sobre sociología y sociobiología humana en La nueva ilustración evolucionista:
El animal grupal - entrevista con Linnda Caporael. Y La identidad social - entrevista con José Francisco Morales.
Aparte, me estoy leyendo Behavior in Public Places,
de Erving Goffman—no menos ilustrativo sobre lo que hacemos cuando
dejamos de teclear, e incluso aquí mismo. Siempre estamos en
sociedad—aunque sea sin llegar al extremo de Abby y Brittany.
lunes, 17 de abril de 2023
jueves, 27 de enero de 2022
martes, 12 de octubre de 2021
viernes, 16 de octubre de 2020
jueves, 3 de septiembre de 2020
jueves, 20 de agosto de 2020
The Spectacular Politics of JULIUS CAESAR
An audio introduction, by a friendly Artificial Intelligence, to one of my papers on Shakespeare's theatre deriving from my reading of...
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Freud ante la esfinge: Profecías autocumplidas, interpretaciones autointerpretables https://www.academia.edu/63138559/
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An introductory audio to one of my papers on Diderot: _____. "Garrick, Shakespeare, and the Player's Paradox...


