Kalamir, Allan. "The Incredible Story of the Magellan-Elcano Circumnavigation 1519-1522." Based on Antonio Pigafetta's narrative. YouTube (Heroes and Legends Documentary Channel) 25 Oct. 2022.*
2025
Kalamir, Allan. "The Incredible Story of the Magellan-Elcano Circumnavigation 1519-1522." Based on Antonio Pigafetta's narrative. YouTube (Heroes and Legends Documentary Channel) 25 Oct. 2022.*
2025
Being in the World. A
documentary film on Heidegger's phenomenological philosophy. Dir. Tao
Ruspoli. With Hubert Dreyfus, Leah Chase, Mark Wrathall, Bob Teague,
Hiroshi Sakaguchi, Ryan Cross. Photog. Christopher Gallo. Ed. Paul
Forte and Tao Ruspoli. Prod. Giancarlo Cavanesio and Christopher
Redlich. Mangusta/Lafco. YouTube 5 Nov. 2014.
Antes aquí: http://youtu.be/z9nEhrt5X1I
Ahora aquí: https://youtu.be/fcCRmf_tHW8
Retropost, 2014: We Create Our Reality https://vanityfea.blogspot.com/2014/08/we-create-our-reality.html
A passage from Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy which alludes to the motto for Shakespeare's Globe—without mentioning the Globe itself, only the classical locus. From the introduction, "Democritus to the Reader" (52-53):
Thus Democritus esteemed of the world in his time, and this was the cause of his laughter: and good cause he had.
Olim jure quidem, nunc plus, Democrite, ride;
Quin rides? vita haec nunc mage ridicula est. (2)
Democritus did well to laugh of old,
Good cause he had, but now much more;
This life of ours is more ridiculous
Than that of his, or long before.
(2) E Graec. epig.
Never so much cause of laughter as now, never so many fools and madmen. 'Tis not one Democritus will serve turn to laugh in these days; we have now need of a "Democritus to laugh at Democritus" (3); one jester to flout at another, one fool to fleer at another: a great stentorian Democritus, as bit as that Rhodian Colossus. For now, as Sariburiensis said in his time (4), totus mundus histrionem agit, the whole world plays the fool; we have a new theatre, a new scene, a new Comedy of Errors, a new company of personate actors; Volupiae sacra [the rites of the goddess of pleasure] (as Calcagninus willingly feigns in his Apologues) are celebrated the world over, where all the actors were madmen and fools, and every hour changed habits, or took that which came next (5). He that was a mariner to-day is an apothecary to-morrow; a smith one while, a philosopher another, in his Volupiae ludis [in these fêtes of the goddess of pleasure]; a king now with his crown, robes, ceptre, attendants, by and by drove a loaded ass before him like a carter, etc. If Democritus were alive now, he should see strange alterations, a new company of counterfeit vizards, whigglers, Cuman asses, maskers, mummers, painted puppets, outsides, fantastic shadows, gulls, monsters, giddy-heads, butterflies. And so many of them are indeed (if all be true that I have read) (6). For when Jupiter and juno's wedding was solemnized of old, the gods were all invited to the feast, and many noble men besides. Amongst the rest came Chrysalus, a Persian prince, bravely attended, rich in golden attires, in gay robes, with a majestical presence, but otherwise an ass. The gods, seeing him come in such pomp and state, rose up to give him place, ex habitu hominem metientes [measuring the man by his garb]; but Jupiter, perceiving what he was, a light, fantastic, idle fellow, turned him and his proud followers into butterflies (1): and so they continue still (for aught I know to the contrary) roving about in pied coats, and are called chrysalides by the wiser sort of men: that is, golden outsides, drones, flies, and things of no worth. Multitudes of such, etc.
ubique invenies
Stultos avaros, sycophantas prodigos.
[You will find everywhere miserly fools and spendthrift sycophants.]
Many additions, much increase of madness, folly, vanity, should Democritus observe, were he now to travel, or could get leave of Pluto to come see fashions, as Charon did in Lucian, to visit our cieties of Moronia Pia and Moronia Felix (2): sure I think he would break the rim of his belly with laughing. Si foret in terris rideret Democritus [were Democritus alive, how would he laugh!], seu (3), etc.
(3) Plures Democriti nunc non sufficiunt, opus Democrito qui Democritum rideat. —Era. Moria.
(4) Polycrat. lib. 3, cap. 8, e Petron.
(5) Ubi omnes delirabant, omnes insani, etc., hodie nauta, cras philosophus; hodie faber, cras pharmadopola; hic modo regem agebat multo satellitio, tiara, et sceptro ornatus, nunc vili amictus centiculo, asinum clitellarium impellit.
(6) Calcagninus, Apol. Chrysalus e caeteris auro dives, manicato peplo et tiara conspicuus, levis alioquin et nullius consilii, etc. Magno fastu ingredienti assurgunt dii, etc.
(1) Sed hominis levitatem Jupiter perspiciens, At tu (inquit) esto bombillo, etc., protinusque vestis illa manicata in alas versa est, et mortales inde Chrysalides vocant hujusmodi homines.
(2) [Provinces of Moron ia, or Foolsland, in Joseph Hall's Mundus Alter et Idem.]
(3) Hor.
A satirical Roman in his time thought all vice, folly, and madness were all at full sea, Omne in praecipiti vitium stetit (4) [every vice was in headlong career].
(4) Juven.
Josephus the historian taxeth his countrymen Jews for bragging of their vices, publishing their follies, and that they did contend amongst themselves who should be most notorious in villainies (5); but we flow higher in madness, far beyond them,
Mox daturi progeniem vitiosiorem, (6)
[And yet with crimes to us unknown,
Our sons shall mark the coming age their own,]
and the latter end (you know whose oracle it is) is like to be worst. 'Tis not to be denied, the word alters every day; Ruunt urbes, regna transferuntur [cities fall, kingdoms are transferred], etc., variantur habitus, leges innovantur [fashions change, laws are altered], as Petrarch observes (7), we change language, habits, laws, customs, manners, but not vices, not diseases, not the symptoms of folly and madness, they are still the same. And as a river, we see, keeps the like name and place, but not water, and yet ever runs, Labitur et labetur in omne volubilis aevum (8); our times and persons alter, vices are the same, and ever will be; look how nightingales sang of old, cocks crowed, kine lowed, sheep bleated, sparrows chirped, dogs barked, so they do still; we keep our madness still, play the fools still, nec dum finitus Orestes [and the play is not yet finished]; we are of the same humours and inclinations as our predecessors were; you shall find us all alike, much at one, we and our sons, Et nati natorum, et qui nascuntur ab illis, and so shall our posterity continue to the last. But to speak of times present.
(5) De bello Jud. l. 8, capt. 11. Iniquitates vestrae neminem latent, inque dies singulos certamen habetis quis pejor sit.
(6) Hor.
(7) Lib. 5, epist. 8
(8) Hor.
De Baltasar Gracián ("Lorenzo Gracián"), El Héroe (Huesca, 1637), p 36:
"Aquel Marte Castellano, por quien se dixo Castilla Capitanes, si Aragón Reyes, Don Diego Perez de Vargas, con mas hazañas que dias, retirose a acabarlos en Xerez de la frontera. Retirose el, mas no su fama, que cada dia se estendia mas por el teatro uniuerso."
Según Arthur Schopenhauer, Parerga & Paralipomena I,6-8:
"Pero los profundos pensamientos de Malebranche habían dado la ocasión próxima al sistema leibniziano de la harmonia praestabilita, cuya amplia fama y alto prestigio en su tiempo dan prueba de que lo absurdo es l oque con mayor facilidad hace fortuna en el mundo. Aunque no me puedo jactar de tener una clara representación de las mónadas leibnizianas, que son al mismo tiempo puntos matemáticos, átomos corpóreos y almas, me parece fuera de dueda que una suposición semejante, uan vez comprobada, podría servir para ahorrarse todas las hipóptesis ulteriors en orden a explicar la conexión entre lo ideal y lo real, y despachar la cuestión diciendo que ambos están ya totalmente identificado en las mónadas (por eso también en nuestros días Schelling, en cuanto autor del sistema de la identidad, se ha recreado en ello). Pero al célebre filósofo matemático, enciclopedista y político no se le ocurrió aprovecharlas para eso sino que formuló a propósito la armonía preestablecida como fin último. Esta nos ofrece dos mundos completamente distintos, cada uno de ellos incapaz de actuar sobre el otro (Principia philos. § 84 y Examen du sentiment du P. Malebranche, p. 500 ss., en Oeuvres de Leibnitz, pub. P. Raspe), cada uno el duplicado totalmente superfluo del otro, si bien ambos han de existir a la vez, marchar en exacto paralelismo y mantenerse totalmente acompasados; por eso el Creador de ambos, ya al comienzo, ha establecido entre ellos la más exacta armonía, en la que ahora siguen marchando juntos de la forma más admirable. Dicho sea de paso, la harmonia praestabilita se podría quizá explicar de la mejor manera comparándola con el teatro, donde con gran frecuencia el influxus physicus existe sólo en apariencia, ya que la causa y el efecto no se conectan más que a través de la armonía preestablecida por el regidor; por ejemplo, cuando uno dispara y el otro cae a tempo. En los §§ y62 y 63 de su Teodicea Leibniz ha expuesto el tema en su monstruosa absurdidad de la manera más crasa y con brevedad. Y, sin embargo, en todo el dogma no tiene ni siquiera el mérito de la originalidad, por cuanto ya Spinoza había planteado con suficiente claridad la harmonia praestabilita en la segunda parte de su Ética, en concreto en las proposiciones sexta y séptima con sus corolarios, y de nuevo en la parte quinta, proposición 1, después de que en la proposición quinta de la segunda parte hubiera expresado a su manera la doctrina afín de Malebranche según la cual todo lo vemos en Dios Así pues, Malebranche es el único autor de todo ese argumento y arreglado tanto Spinoza como Leibniz, cada uno a su manera. Leibniz habría podido incluso prescindir del tema, pues abandonó ya el simple hecho que constituye el problema—que el mundo nos es dado inmediatamente como nuestra mera representación— para sustituirlo por el dogma de un mundo corpóreo y un mundo espiritual entre los cuales no es posible ningún vínculo; porque él enlaza la cuestión de la relación entre las representaciones y las cosas en sí mismas con la que se refiere a la posibilidad de los movimientos del cuerpo mediante la voluntad, y soluciona ambas juntas a través de su harmonia praestabilita (Véase système nouveau de la nature, en Leibniz Opp, ed. Erdmann, p. 125.—Brucker hist. ph. Tom. IV., P. II, p. 425) El mo0nstruoso absurdo de su hipótesis lo hicieron patente ya algunos de sus contemporáneos, en especial Bayle, al exponer las consecuencias que de ella derivaban. (Véase, en los Escritos menores de Leibniz traducidos por Huth en el año 1740, la nota a la página 79, en la que Leibniz mismo se ve obligado a exponer las escandalosas consecuencias de su afirmación). Sin embargo, precisamente la absurdidad de la hipótesis a la que fue impulsada una cabeza pensante por el presente problema demuestra la magnitud, la dificultad y la perplejidad del mismo, y en qué poca medida se lo puede eliminar y cortar el nudo con una simple negación, tal y como se osa hacer en nuestros días."
A curious passage from Samuel Richardson's Clarissa (1748). Lovelace descanting on the fate of the World's Fair at the Great World Fair. Note well the description of an Early Modern Merry-Go-Round:
It is certainly as much my misfortune to have fallen in with Miss Clarissa Harlowe, were I to have valued my reputation or ease, as it is that of Miss Harlowe to have been acquainted with me. And, after all, what have I done more than prosecute the maxims by which thou and I and every rake are governed, and which, before I knew this lady, we have pursued from pretty girl to pretty girl, as fast as we had set one down, taking another up; just as the fellows do with the flying coaches and flying horses at a country fair, with a Who rides next! Who rides next!
But here, in the present case, to carry on the volant metahor (for I must either be merry, or mad), is a pretty little miss just come out of her hanging-sleeve coat, brought to buy a pretty little fairing; for the world, Jack, is but a great fair, thou knowest; and, to give thee serious reflection for serious, all its toys but tinselled hobby-horses, gilt gingerbread, squeaking trumpets, painted drums, and so forth.
Now behold this pretty little miss skimming from booth to boothe, in a very pretty manner. One pretty little fellow called Wyerley perhaps; another jiggeting rascal called Biron, a third simpering varlet of the name of Symmes, and a more hideous villain than any of the rest, with a long bag under his arm, and parchment settlements tagged to his heels, ycleped Solmes; pursue her from raree-show to raree-show, shouldering upon one another at every turning, stopping when she stops, and set a spinning again when she moves. And thus dangled after, but still in the eye of her watchful guardians, traverss the pretty little miss through the whole fair, equally delighted and delighting: till at last, taken with the invitation of the laced-hat orator, and seeing several pretty little bib-wearers stuck together in the flying coaches, cutting safely the yielding air, in the one go-up the other go-down picture-oft-the-world vehicle, and all with as little fear as wit, is tempted to ride next.
In then suppose she slyly pops, when none of her friends are near her: and if, after two or three ups and downs, her pretty head turns giddy, and she throws herself part of the reach when at its elevation, and so dashes out her pretty little brains, who can help it? And would you hang the poor fellow whose professed trade it was to set the pretty little creature a flying?
'Tis true, this pretty little miss, being a very pretty little miss, being a very much-admired little miss, being a very good little miss, who always minded her book, and had passed though her sampler doctrine with high applause; had even stitched out in gaudy propriety of colours, an Abraham offering up Isaac, a Samson and the Philistines, and flowers, and knots, and trees, and the sun and the moon, and the seven stars, all hug up in frames with glasses before the, for the admiration of her future grandchildren, who likewise was entitled to a very pretty little estate: who was descened from a pretty little family upwards of the hundred years' gentility; which lived in a very pretty little manner respected a very little on their own accounts, a great deal on hers:—
For such a pretty little miss as this to come to so great a misfortune, must be a very sad thing: but, tell me, would not the losing of any ordinary child, of any other less considerable family, of less shining or amiable qualities, have been as great and as heavy a loss to that family, as the losing this pretty little miss could be to hers?
(Vol. III, 316-17)
—oOo—
"Se percibe al instante lo que un hombre parece ser, pero no lo que realmente es". ( El Príncipe, cap. XVIII) Maquiavelo insis...